The Myasishchev M-4 Bison (nicknamed the Molot or Hammer in Russian) was a Soviet strategic bomber that first flew in 1953. The Bison was the subject of the suspected bomber gap, the fear that the Soviet Air Forces had more strategic bombers than the USAF. The Bison was later modified into the 3M Bison-B with new engines and aerial refuelling added in 1956.

When the Myasishchev OKB was dissolved in the early 1960s, production on the Bison stopped. The aircraft later became a Tanker and then a transport for the Buran Shuttle Programme (V-MT).