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Sushi (寿司, 鮨, 鮓, すし), in modern times almost always refers to a Japanese dish made with vinegared rice (鮨飯, sushi-meshi), but the prototype is said to be a fermented food (using lactic acid fermentation of rice) called nare-zushi, which is a method of preserving fish (mainly freshwater fish).
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寿司とは (スシとは) [単語記事] - ニコニコ大百科 (NicoNico Encyclopedia)