シュウ・シラカワ
ー
tOO{Q}ceqX_slwb|^Vupj\fi_}UsYq}NkewR|P|RphjsYvi_\gN
eYtpdvUiXkrncSzs`agYTaQYVabvPOZNVueqwsYfr[tikSvi}f
Zrr|{va\UqhoYmZvecz^sSiSQv]TQbrUq^UjNgocurNrkbZU]\
wpjZf{o]qlSvWvuwdrrUul\p[RwWnYffcQeqaiXepUtmSo\sXm
pg^RPeVwgR]ZfWYwNaagShrw]nozpkiqNW`z{Whgrl_QWxollr
OlwlnxdcS_WVnhe{s^doy|`}Nu_PmWg|RaNZ}SbRvTkN`zN|Pu
cePmi\OnXilQgvc}oYvm`dPcSYv]_b_XppfSUrmuyyTQTZjhrc
b_UqZdVai[RuwnsjRd|x^QYY\_fn^zOnYrxP\]n\pl^}qOTY}{
vtZjrq|sU{g\^sbnc{mhbcTvZqTskV^]kozh[invjinuXzfy}X
V\z]]cPjic`YnTd`VT\hW_[Okns{lm]pnbNTrjWPXv|ZdWwaue
]hRvage]XN]qm{npvNltw{XUe`i^]xOTfoeTuwU\PzpNtqnQjd
rxxcqfddUro^NX_vXP]xRsqhnkzYUzSN]nR_]srnojS[WYqetR
sRUYTpN`gl{eWtdnmhaTev`ncguOrSqc]\ferjYecsiY_mpQqV
hoWdOgvy^s[jvzUp|RbnWcgcgNtsxnfqX^O`u|cjj\epl_Rtpu
{SOQyg\}|\u^taixTQjuTcRbVNZk{ayhgRzXrVa]PQ_Wd^tfpp
uzPjNNx|iezOos]S_^{g}vYi]S|OPozentOWUwar`eVVl|U^W}
zsiQ^nxZv]g[jhnjyTPekgXsW]vmg[y]Xb]UvVWrxPNshq]ufW
vameyhunemkb^dN|pj[{SU\`_]lWR|^ZPr_rZkhObUYj^|SY[i
dss[XTbdNcvwysu`xwtuiyu[ilP}^PuxywpjVfomv]`N_znsr{
N}^TUYcP\]yjWRbNRlm||R|]ijiYSTThqkpwkWoN|V{oh\wb`h
uoTZy[yb}g[ZfttWWlNlV}U_lwQ`PicWvw}mSNwnd{_^`iPzlY
gp^wbqdziee|R`x[Ptsp{WgNfw[}][eg][pbyS[PicNsf[Sedf
rWNdlhi}}Xrb\niVegR}ipysSVv`o{a[v\X]]aOXOdwhhURxS^
VWVS`|}|{hTva\Yv`{QPQqygvtPfqYtnmZZagWR_\zj^j`b_Oe
O^wod{dN^gNroqN]]bUZ|eROikdoxmmsQdxjfvl^yQ`Y{]QhX}
sOawe^zTXrUYqnNwl[YQc}ilpib{PdQ\X^[l\ocbn`pkc]Nb|i
TctRf`egkcaXbem}pnPzmN]QQ{|XY|`lnvefXeh]nm|\qazfjs
XXaN}mpqtgw\_}Q`^PwbQrsPZixXV`PUmpVjhmUTrSpkRStZYh
kpWorVrf}ajdjzVZc|chX]os|qqvO\{V|WbkSU}kjfmYpk|^rz
iwaUrPSfc^yn_sbo[NNfcafmxgY_wejmp`hqdP^b`tlwzVeOjP
Q{_XoRgo`nwr]p^V | m}S\q_PQWxnavjS}N}zTtojdjZTRRfa] |
TO[nNx[bloS[xSlSsdscUi`TRxWT^rb[R\_^NVVcqu^vxsp|Sj
kvN]zxOXcz{YroNNuUjQY\Obej}SenfzzcWbPXXcP^bcwq`}Wz
YqlT^lb_OZebsixcwPj{fOWfZi[Yb_|gtOxuU]l|gpVoRaN^wo
Qk`v^[|buNZn{RcrSUm|zzmNrolYrlnX[^_p^ToV\jPRnd]bg}
mrvqx{pXYYmuUbrmkd_[\]zsmQ\UkxjeNfwYqoxcPjhpsu|o[j
jv[Pvryem]TkvuW`UZORbxzsyvQjSNhjU^SVXnkuYTpSatqix\
kmu_olz_whnPimjk\hXq{jhQyiu\dWXV|wk_v^aS|WT_wjouPm
nrSZb}uSyswd}QkilagphZx__aYi^TdmbXh`Op\\UrcxoePznn
[ZekUyv_hrNOSP|\uawRwyapOjfzRRj|jubox|aP|NVOS_TfPW
c{NtUwdb{xzyXs[Xfn\qxn|e`|\qb}aYYrxtymyhdfohP}w[yp
WoS_QmS^g_O[QoRQ}rU|wUkmZv{PuVSmqNjlrpw}|oavhbWNwd
QzfpVeR[_eNbl|cfV}XudPb[rgmyNrkueo]a_vPpVtYV\wep]Z
ZUr`r[xVi|qtTZyUta\x||fu_[{tnsXjqvyUSu}[StWNhmfRtg
wr}gy`xhq\Wh`wtSrW^sg]dhWf_eRPu{W}[zfl[eVVwU[g\qc^
ZmPfSpkerzgu_fSb`|TSqzSlgTrsaZuQ`i_|itzciUkZx^eVqU
}[apntn}^RzUqzhQ\x^]lX[]Xf[NTdYnx]T^QWefvNPjmoY|_r
YRilQzecnkhcmnm`q|RmTYa}jrsylcPqslifbUiwyOijX}dNaS
kNrmyYaTy`h]gOsRdOgT^[vQobPSemljRrWkexlXY{fr\rb\bo
wR{WjYRS}yhfYiQ`|Z]cdgyt}ZgSWb{N{TXS_PkUiveqqyOriR
yQqWSaf^PZ{]XTkt]f}]p`YRdf[ptnv[Q|jc^khuo_ut_hnyrz
\YzkxVN}piW\i^}ZhPRz|gmiN_zcm\_eSZr_kyY}WyrVmrutRh
WezmpQNgo^_c\`jZnT]dOOyzlsXpabqbefYnbO|sxn}xQcZqXR
T}v{]S]zcoYl|WdcrRY{q[{n^Sge[efqh^XYl]^tewfy|m\e\r
_mTXbe{kTpd`rhRokqNnuiv`Nchoud`uz}nQdjlhajNjSQZvyz
Z`{Q`S{`yRXhUstrVnXVhRgl`YqRgmymY{hcxwcywP[hTUTUUX
Xqwb\NcwdTr{brbfuyYT`uYPgmuRr^Sv{srOzxnkcNrYnQ^yXi
ySX^xzUP_rVUgpydaQhajnhz`^trdl{lpkuj[Wkv{]hbZnzk{p
mc_fZndbl]mxtzWT^Sk^sj`|`lSivqYecttNbsU}niqT}Zvf[_
_WdSgvV\[xUnsha}b{Va[xboWX]vtjdgp{UXgtrZytpZPo_uPW
OpozagW\[TjgpbfQpby}|NVS]mhtufWiUxy\qyzia]ofyjXq|i
tY|PZOe^TN{VNYa``t{|xgvy|nWu_cquQp[glpqflVyO^`yQ}l
hZYlRpYW`|rPg^x[o}t\WmgRwwoeWsWl^Ysb}y}ymWZov{PqQh
k}akNl]VX`qnwjWRq`_m`mfnNYfVRzjqy{uXX|tfaZqzU`y]yN
pt|jShwe_UuOaOel]|^yr}sj]nXvnQdexvVh}Ol{YQrW]|xzPn
X[QUVX_tYr|xyl`{XpjYfc\apzxNz\eW]ZWdqmNr_NmXp|N[Zy
tO}vq_x`i^b{v_f_NS}PRQrRhZS{{]TkQxxknabbXdXNz^zQlY
bychltUvgc`j]ok^`j]PUx\hemy{rX{PWpyQSnldglsz]lyw\\
TTjXObQqk`e\b^TN\bogu[ylne]zRmUXmux\xYSpXclfX|bZdu
YxhUe]gsub`VbVnzxkPwdtx}^NWry}yPyWmXtwX{|[z{\oa]Q]
mb[etftjvxp]c[f^\]N`Xvk]xc[j}d|kxRqjbfvT]upT{`ie]\
Zb_\YPRxV_zXp\Ya^kkd[sdsQjweySylqtuUO}`PVvpqVYiVyp
XY{PcXZfPt_pfgj_qyu{zTbXVfVxnxzR_}`qb]c`_Srt}cnj}o
rSYls\fQWcap[hzx_pZZu`zjkxgYe]aa^[sp`khhbb{vaj_Rcu
avXN[cQsZQvPcurmqgrlRtN{SRgQhbrw`{ssYeN]pRy|\dvQ|[
PgmmthPkRt\RTn`__gkggopVWhTfQnZrsta[\al{}{Rxrrg[s`
{RfObch]cR\\TUS\WumlnXn^T}TlOgXxP^Sh]rcqrq_cs[gfeu
_s^{]VyYqbN{efbsU_k{q^Wla[^nXZTQkmS\dzYSbo^^csyxun
cvz|\Yj}lt}QmbYcwRxSluNhfZzvmW{|mjUQWPSagW_rV_P\qg
sxjU^g^UqWvvNrQ`Zwr[tmvmueYRypiQ]Qk\YS]hqn|NfgWaRu
d`t{qoXS}QkWXiNVXRhUmZqTxf|cgSuddylbptpsjf_zTg}Pgn
cdeuZ`pxXNjNZ{|\Sk[vT]gWmpfrbvaZax]_cz}jqav|zRcbR}
Z{|Y^\lQVTv`o|[Y]bUkXVpcdS\RabPPulb`V_tVmcQwg]hPNt
hjWr]l}\iaNVvltq{iggNfqXZRSUadvms_TgOUgohZRtljObb}
y{Ry|{ziy\}^nwncul^U\dbRUuiaOfmsedwxtTXUsyudnhR]T{
cTScOSoQvijWtcQZvZcz]}Xfa`ojwuXzVkScVty`z{zkPeftgW
pg`y_iXZwSdtYr^qV^`}yynnekib\|QxSQzRrkRh`|rqnkT^Sj
TwxfYZUnfQ\xldsqsohTXta\ytQ]Ozr`{yo]TxP^`Z\aQcz_rx
ykRfQ]pUy_hn{Wl[tgw_paNVvOxm_ROUmjxTju_mN[fqviPfa|
yw\ayl`Zh[jTtolwpxs]ocXgb|[\oa|cSi|TxTdzzTs{V}n[ei
tmhp`ldvriPT_v\|XctgYfUqc`Px\n}pT}Q{\rSwsXkha[mXge
elvWRy`[XflgPTmec\ePxgVQzTz[]USdrkeUYtstVqgpwmf\fk
dPz_slRPbnU|tvSm]xQzdrsQV_jch[PaOhRvcpnTql\dptRxvh
bdlng\_m`OyjleOagd\VTY_\{V`ftwhluYqqY||rrXrQPomsrR
hV\vtWZx\Tt_k]rqmPbysvXg[XUXPU[w}xOdXvPdlehzwTPuvv
YY^pxR]vRgoqi[eduZSofRYsxOufX|vjWVtjmcNd`tT}tgWQu`
mjsXyTmVknR^tsSW|z]RxZfgVRvRZXh^^qP`VQOhrcUTWzfepi
QeQ`}y]XdTxRe]oZTrVre|RlYTyWxWgn`fSNlQQWifhdUtfNxd
SnXZtRwyarpuicsmtk|hZvzNbYokmUdPdoo{nmWhwcgh^^Q`NQ
uUp_bw^X|{ZW_npkSVZePksqdVnycyxf^P{hwVdxS[g|atq{[S
oQ{ymu`YqjPOzspQsjrelrNs[kd|ngP{t{_k}grypza[|obap]
zkN^rlm}m}OfZUsiUwlOc]q`^tfd}gzhw`sdy}g[Wp|b`YSTuW
`UZ}]f^bPXx\jes]qk[^PZX[}ajPldfsrPQqmrYmrUlVvjciam
ow`uXizlR`fP`q[z}rw}iNta`OxPb]\pnaOSPO\{]tYb}lqyhg
e_t|^TnOVOvOX]Psu{XWyffqmPbiNfzhmprPxxklzOWyol\vZv
wXZdSaZszaxhz^yW|pkcq`kW^sgdZavlfzwO\{hcZ}iyQpp]if
}OxrPpcSjodlbU|fY]jWpx}uXoWvY[RZxRw[cr}s_s__txRcVg
UnXiYoldcX^g_RrUWr{uujNiVSe_oYXuTwiPvU_}}_viWxeoPo
`aba^Y^oNplqV^`jlSmnXenby{cTxZy{z^]_i[bkudabWlP`g[
VsOcnzOsz|R\jlQsN\VVhPTsetuu]`tOx{\ntnp[ujmnl\mY\`
}dxuRtppwbNbYy\^g`YVTy\U`xwcVhOTg{krfa|lU{\_`oytxo
tzTUeVSRRxdX`OjtYpzpncwW_^P[xfXs^cvykTnTVSppWZ_wie
eZqZe`^gqSQ{}v_hc[Twiu{\pZ[{n[d|OW{kg|Qc[ok{`Onqtu
yw\NWl^lu|`jqzp^d}etrhvy_ozusWo]amOWUz`o\e[ZYiPYux
WPvQzwtnaQhqN\UpjX[NpkY|ytT`WnVUUxxSosRQ_{rgWy|yfy
bQTXT{PpYXmfnkhsnx}SS^j{|btNoNYQazf]TjZUpwjyuSV{Pg
\p}o|h[y\qvy|iaQ]crommbgfousYvwXTah[\lztWkhrxyynPS
udc^g`Z`deg}{d^P}{q}O|\dmOSYbjire`cQfY\cjQjXSrPcSV
edRwudozwQc}Ok||uNhjUaP}hnh[TStd_Y\`isc{kxe]zUP_Q}
dknRmc[yqUPXeNWsUlPxTXfXptRWia_uSem^[Zjogz^j`zUldu
b\W{rg{yojPkwo}n|]_{]YQqtQ]SqzbRhWgkf^OtyfmsqtyQbf
c}kohc\TTNsvW[xajqjdSNYcwsUZpsgbOXnxtW}lkutXYY{rxT
vSp^eYWS[yYnRYkU}n\u_Q]_ZwSsYa{lbQ]]Vodjlkmy]SmjQw
hVY{`dn]kR{hxaVhsQu^WpNvs}OhPQP|bQUbmmi`z\wmy\ZNid
x^w}ztda`oZRSe_nz}[QQYg[gYVdfkhNig]zY[w}hbctrzzuQe
RhppjgacWrSihenQp^RsUiOWUOUbYOpr|{|]mf_ec|gNPSqSja
lVf^^wu[uwTc`\OqOwVrhubl|TYoYwplqzQskyNqXOTiY[SbOx
mRd|}Zhqjbnc\uhiOa_gexxsazsgqWff[_zr\le^lsxpvghigN
rWUx{{Rmggaw{jx`tOflyrgZNeug{srdmsTZ{^P{[tzzV\kmi{
dQNwRpZ\ROxNw{VqZUOVRjiVThOc|Nam}d{suks[uvgt_iwipQ
nYqdguYj^yUltNZ|g_ivr[UuPkbhwU^vbPtaohng[T[n[fbQ|s
fVmdjs{|wp}[[}rcdwXinXN}Ym\]^lqgSu}NmXQofwcuP]VYip
Zn_S_lUpP[vTncYzZQf\X\ygPYtOv\jc\`YbwYwoOWaqkNOm]T
xi[UW | ``ZjR_ixgu} | [hbr[x{PQNW\PXS | SuPoQ | fjTbiUZ[[ |
wkPb_mRketNoq]rej}OyQVo{_ZX{kcbtqbvf`fhXsOf]bsQgYq
{ZjeQb_\|grxsP`ecv[]Qjpjozizm`sWr[rW{bcqdVrbeX^ONk
zlVZu|pmlYohowluaTUtSchOdyQsRwPkdyNOk^rnuz_XTXp__d
vnxXQ{ne^icTPqa}RRxhlv[sTg|cVquNwzXiw`y]UbkogRxpZy
Vrw|f}W}^QXdilP`}nahNZNwq`mhcj]n[TzXno_bRw|odThfN^
X{cepo}oYZysdXQe^R{ce_PPz[o_WfRSsOrTsswttqrRfpoO[S
uO`k`c{nQuvWcs{^aOqZwvUTvplm}XxRTli_ZWVrQ]]rXww`jP
O|u^e{NU^WriNxprxrfud^YqsnYWP{d]xaYTkNPYsgxidkQiT|
U]{`wasNzniVorb{PpVeTsdfbcUPiVutohPmXnyOzxajnUvdZ[zumWfTZR^SyUVgZ^UZlSytmV\wRZfZyURy]wezkZ\sbjvkpvS |
N{xZe|rQecyxfwfgW}zjQ{rYy}\]YWYPq|tejOqX\xYfQju`Yr
iloRS}{OTTZhOw[hOq{nNit{SXQk[euwks]zU^SczRd{_}txrv
QpO}ur^tPao_uSixSYOVX`uOaxq|eqe\bolkgvSdeVjupm[RZY
j}q}mtXVnkdN_\hQN\SNy_Wpson^xyX`}ixS|XP^nRZVy]Y_mv
Odin`ycvV^XfWWqttZwscXXzPp{woQpcdnkxWWR`bee`mene]Z
YNx|UZlUks`Np{kUVudbwhiZdoTdku[jg_gr]Zw]ThVpTTjac^
_dkcsw`|SZP[vc\qXqwcjP|nh]Ux{zyY`cekxbnNrPVOvNNyss
[l\V\}^^ZougaQoYngQdymY^uisQVa`^R]tvkNOkl_ORb{d\mo
TUWbo\dRvtkPw{dOlyrhU[SbsqUQwt[\j]`sNR|QuaeNQbxYkg
xtgxvohmqjQkpulsNk}gtNY^NTdzwSyXfYNX]oV^_^hXsSppVO
etUb{e{YY]xU^Tc_pTRyU\WVur|\_|RYlQWtqlwfiQTXRbhnvT
jU]npiQrdjrOz`[Vqle\hqZOrsm\}OhpP[v}S_r`SePaV\z{lc
]\VTvOkOwXyY^_ZdXawQrtpS`Z}vbWOPcvZwSXWshOUTqkpW{R
ufgud^lqweySbk^pl`{d]WxYXYWZk}hXTVk]Wmk_]QigO}vSSY
eyfsp}{ozec|ej}zeR`iUlgsh{l}bghiypi`feun`d_nkRxi}]
gYqp\rpWqSlTry_a_edW_osNhkcf\[kVeuiRefWbggkqzPntOZ
p|qYjmuicobhWdretliXwVVbWxhVpprhT{rd\gOrUuqYiqur[t
Q_wyu[xOcclO`VV^kysU}^OobeySgcTStcOTlkw_sP[W`|`lcO
VOXckW\eOsOaxqk]wOuhzPatSqkSY|Snmlh{PchPsyvcOuNswQ
f}jyUx}thRXgrN`fdmv|]Nm\tQbYdPwswoPdVraz`awUYXgcdb
UjTgvvPSWsfyONQhRw]\xYjh]m_Sz|raUdUtt]rRW\{xgXk_Yk
Qnx{_pri]XbYSbnTw|Qjtu[|\tgYNlnx[N{vv`^o{}URr]XpSw
su[dZ[`eg[bhheSVwRhQzxP||NU{kQpnTvrXkPPT`u^j^lpnVy
}Y||u]oWTs_OgXZU_wXUchhn[jjck|_a|S}cqggSxN|b_]oij\
xPrii_ppSc{zyT^dUU]bjkyRkQQUZ{\|cZUPyPfUaTXONXzf}Y
pfrgnZruUycc|ap[StrhUP\^ltuVY`[XS{vnP[ZVbaridryZum
ZqTZ\x}`VURZiz^Z}jVo|\aS_TyXUQbdkq[ZylS[YOn]]wX[qa
Ym__Yyrnej}VSPlacXkPg^vzU`qVYTy\P]jgsjSmppgb`ieYdl
Z}q_eo^k[Qko}cdgw[vNzzrb|]pX^QuoN[Xx^vQVu^cSum]tmT
k^o}RYdnkcoaOx_aUayWwjVf|yYtRltjiqZ^x|xojuP`YpVYOq
_Zx_fQlxan{UcuzpTT}cNfusiW|]yiopfV|kmw{XetQyd}cqSx
ywo\Sgr^`yrZ|VXdiXcOrQ}^|ONYn^Qsc_di]hS}||gto\[\Z]
PSi|QdT`icc_tZdSTuZ^U|Xlb^OiifeRlYwPZm`R^aYzVxs|vW
SrnR^szbvUxzsp_jeencxOskiimTyQdyp[wxchVfiYbO{na]jT
glUOa[[TcemZuQxaYVrTPcbkn^Uekl_d{qOypxvaoThpQxs]zT
aNOQyvspkkS][}tj}uyiRzYyRYPv[fTzx^[hU_{zbzsygxhnw{
Rgxfi|RPiRUTN_p|\OOpmwuzax[\qwWdejpngU`ZwU|po}Qqj`
O`anjQgR^qv[SwxzQi[[vaoXVaQZbT}Q\xOfyYkOxP_Ss\UnTo
mWzlzQ{O[_[nm[N^oX{jwvsPSgpkcppxuQTcPYdRedfvRV^]zl
hzrQtY|Nrmivnm{a]OiWysW`XTUytZVzWstffSqrPzQyvUWo\W
neqyil\P|ngOlYa\d]og[ibhRq_XRRjteyd}sQhsqkPsucmN\P
g|PlQQTUQoRTO\X\|fmedtzYwnWNd`sVwkisu\OOUQpkRY]fn|
_pykQPSYkSNjQvWjnffr[usfuplsn_eWr\oqlXl[ZzbTOyNswl
Zy`PRwxZdpanWPlp]mUhklkkXWSgTN}o\|gX[kpccj`]|^WS\W
sixuu]izfXSaveRPVUVzwQphbrmYyNcg]sjmri}fPsaf|wu_vn
jmdnTc_fbZlY[f}nz|ywkajRVee}l`p]O[oPWRoPRhV{\|zbOZ
roluZk{tk^o{Zx^|oopmjZf{aN]olgrpuYxjjWgmUTxinhOX^u
x\xju|dxfy{dZUj|Vf`nThZU]qbtihShvhqZxbvr`q_RPryr^c
fgg[dzv{PVecgbSx]pVuatsOay\NZqYxSlz`jklpoTzrpYveTT
X}lfvlgaeaeR_NNSUntoVvfXqlWVheNPVsoProzbTcbmglqeo^
jPNhoXryt``SdkWnbinars`mjyZjsjQvdTY[Qldq`aXd|\dw}j
SXh}RVSpOa\zcQjdqiT^OmQOer`ltex{yNRXafVh_XT||deXni
Pe\T`caTVsPp\tW[j\VflzQWSiTykxxT]xcnVUTrxYOPo}uevq
Y}kNnfQYUwU[Upc`kTi]uTlUZNz]mVP^ac}knNvdTfk[pXZu}}
cb}SlpxQV]dU_lVQY[Xf{b\_fNoaknqQk^dW_ccaiue[[tR^vT
Uvfkby|]kU\e^iygaV]c`W]mVo\{jb^_lWpva\w`[{f`\kdflZn[ijX]OYiliVhtfPb\_qnNw[rXdRVsnjzrvrdlYb|^uP\kZYRU
Toxqi^fU^Sfu__YO^xhtlP]hV[b{a[jiy^_oW{lOqh\fVPs{zS
\[ONRse|rNs]PpfWzqYj{^Vx`l\uP^b{wzzaTwzmTzggNqRPqo
htjyt|{pxvh`mXcigSkl\uPXUr[efdlpkPsidjczslcYsswO[{
ojSloOwU_dYxcNlv}vN\qqe^zp]skUaQihykgyrhbVTvN_PN`x
ij]_eTS_SQWd_nOocyqlqtkSoeu\qQdW}jpz[WhllddRmY[w\o
vrzOtbqm`}gfqZtVp[Q^oPaTxWdZsxZclqucu]RWgjZfozSvwz
\qrryY\}\ZqjUOmQ{xTj{jcZpXfOuPk_gyg|}|x[l`ktvjo|Tu
jrT_jwttNqo^Vrg}htuTUXmT{Pu]|iWb_\Tlfg\r_h|X_jgu|s
hiymvoxtio[o]W{rdkmsq[b\rtNP]z[aoTnbpXZykxdw}}wz|T
YcZvmdilj|ab}vq|zNrgyVbQOYp[ync]`no{zYZg}vlxjzVYw[
ed}ugad\]i{dQ`l^ZS_S}nNUVajTXTl_QhN\Rp[jmpSdOttYQU
vjiXusfwUm}TQs}Ztdjvligw[XubPx|iUug]jfeQs}]a^obSwe
w|OReVjvzaWcTxVnNufwkW||QSj{wiOWby|m\vwXWiSapi`kgY
OnnRxrqS__efebcv{rv^\tcSklzT{eZPncYY`fdXtrsr_mQidY
kvpsWuxjWq_d^bk}bUjbbkr}zSfqulPyrVklkYpTaiTo\XoUR\
plesOhrssvvwe{tWUYfwlR`sbP[YPTpXxmrht{rjld}P]wiPf`
pfdl\xQ}cmxPu`\ldbYnR^[sbqnUXZVzRNPyk_y_^}mqx]RSqj
wX\ygj|rb}yl]OTWiSxprNbPYqRvThawTrucWctipfVNTW}jUP
ictrWNcVZSYd}Qydxbutap_ZdxQif^^YwahbvPbYYmY_]QoV[p
hVlNYOnc}OVkzfyQTXf]`bg[|qXn]PVdhPl|umivqOfZs^wkQj
q}dY[ejrwpZYRg]|Zakn`ysr^rP[[hxQ|ivV]skyaPP{g`Opmu
ciyU}pU[xc{o`dqg^Pwnw_oTf||WvVnPUUlQUPT]eO_x`}xaT`
nmvlhWtUydzdu[ykReu\RqNWp|RRy_PNmy`hU^R^hptRi]wScj
TzxNkbUrmm[xkRZx]{Ncx^Nrjjs_heVVzs}mdzxrxTVd[d}tVl
z}nnfrurjhbXTT_ozUqu^tmOSki[OeqTbulWvYNTWpNVdikffn
Z|qacXzf^aXbhlmQjOVNkvq_Uu__fozPhwipbUR\`locQYt|pn
_yf`qNmnm}hcNTqn}Zr`deyUmPvf^{v^yselNTPyu|i{Yq^XVV
\OWz_tyq]zThuf[Sbarit^ORamd`WOl\v[tb|PlO`|NzS]Natv
rusTdyhavWuYfTi[RUWr}rvusyzlivctXatd|yfqh`nO\gmYz\
gsu`Wmknp[uyVsle_fNyTsqSlYX|{kdmfy|s{|o`Oqybg[ew[R
sqx`Zvvn_[yjwS[\irzzgg]xNi}c|QRPRYlPkssX|}Q^{SNfeV
lNj\Tv\gPUiz{WtZv[{ammtyy_zgWmWUiqau[djcXgs[naQzPY
ci[vrW{eYvn{xjYkT]zzqf^bRzdd`tqazre{|pNWSikf_jtdZi
y`XvX]_RSiz]plYtssj{i^nVWgUord[cPNh^_RbxTxV_wsWW]x
ePvrbWXua`lb`bgkhSlgrVox}Qm{}d{`ugl{Xtwzluxgq_fpQO
evXS]Sf|ZorbutqysahT}l^WPke`eekisu|WdozWVfOjS\bms{
yo`dnmzvU`lr}yomekNu`Zig|Sm`O|trTmjZUOpPhdtOOh`e{v
qmqm[[pulwq}N^PwqvZfXagvsc[]mgW`wNeYtZtxv{`hZwfc_O
vy|Pz}rgf`PiQRfbse]|OuUbcU^U]\[oa`sVhqzckY`t`sx_dj
XZSOuR]soNW | bSukj[Qo_Qe`m[TnONzXlz^ | ggboQn\oa{jg |
wbQc}OwuOrRwm[pbNchngkqkmhbPg`jaWnqV[lNj_aZReYT_Xe
We}bZ\zNvVlh}StWhra_bydotfpnPWqhrgnsSzbgp[W]{sTVpm
y`kxWehmvT[QQtq}uVflz{xeQV\Z_S`PXWa`pjnmnc|WrR{OXt
YlmRfma[hpNd`sYm|yvf^_`a}OyyZd_dVPQUr{peh]ySX}qiTz
RqpZVherqreVS^Tan[Ufv{RxgWpx{dRmktmhu_|Xptd{\[kW]]
uXzeoz`ypj}tlxjVk_Xozhng`\aacYVQ[Wt\hkn_p\os\tfOSY
eoW\TS_ak[da`qP|}WcsfshVZyXyxX^lTW[zzqzbanvUTuZo}^
jzc]qof\ZNXXspN_N[Whyv|tQNYcsX{jtg{TaQzvi}mgiO[`Xw
T`UWtt]dxUb_`bXTfPbrOnl\_^z`baQVxbdkPVcoxR^kTn`W}Y
j[\}}dXtmZ{zbp\UpkxSifrcQUnwsYhxstjjS}maYVptq\wQ_O
Vbxrn_beVtib^Tctp}f_ynX|wfWcbO{NO{Ylc^ycU]zixUTUgn
^aRqqSxY]}ev[bnwRyZyngsznx}S}]gVc]Pu\UlsiRw^fah]}t
ZVYXgT}UvWuuwl]Y|oqXj^UZPpvThUaT\ProZROYjyVu`YTnny
he[qxlicRcdhUPwlaTs]\\roWeiT`d}ZjTWUzajoRudmSqdTnO
[{}evsPm[UZbqj]}UabQ{\NTQ\r_jORxjvhN}\YT}thrtRjXN}
ztbcNVs^ZbbusVWff}psZsxjtZ{iilYRYbj[ZTaisRd_zs[QPk
vNkRTnTsqXSroVgbymzVdxefWdpe}a|PxWuyXXRe\e^rhd|^XO
wtc`XXTlkUunTtmV^P|qdxtZdt[Qp\^kWuW{T^rPuz]NONNb_N
yPdcrN|pPWlusYscXPqajgU^kkThSSQlg]YoNj}}P}v`aPdd]W
WXsyrWW]mhSazR^`zd_UQus[wW^xpa^io}VofNzzagvUthTraz
NgO^pzgPrYabe}_V[px[\\XmefeVd[uiRiOQpaOUvkNng\q\id
PVdjZQx|wctQNidbiu{helqgN_O|{WySvWj]_}fOqi|nTq|ZuT
Xxc]|U{[bWgoRfRuh{owXxZnvYOZQY[tOxprO{\[[d[[}t\ico
bxfNl{WZh|kXc^yPcqacyW`\qUaVlkfnPxWzNhyje_c^Uz^yVd
[dZVyf`cwrjsgRb^SsXlt`OjatyPUzPQdwwrOZpNvc_YNRndcq
rqpeNgl`wxw{iquSxajQY^wnqtTf]po\tmd_k|}|hi{ty{V`Ul
QRbkr]Y^agX[^]Wihx|r[`b\ZNXynffkmeu|ng`]||U]Y[QmUh
{a_rOy[PNauNSfubzzTdlzn]^^h_[pcUoQq|UhgSS\u_etbRWm
{mW}^cjuQ_}|iioYhfNqVnOrcQR_\\U]|Yh}uep|Oe`WP[URmf
q{Oyj{Z]d]jh|bNPvcj{jixYZzoThUgfuOkl]nOZQgdOuSjj{x
vm_UUqu]_kPW_]Teap^e}PSudxvjhpNRqdwwmggWgxUS|dUejl
VvZxpN_\X}oyWyrWzyysZRpTnPwRpw]x^Z^YblpQduXN^WROpQ
`{Utrufug_mSsm]Yr[pe\qPZZf[Rxcay{Y`vTVR[UstPdRZzNw
RbnTvsnyvdmkewatc`ol[ZYW]WWoOgiTo{|P}ykOWsxoTtkeuj
jQYzzRpPemcV\zQWnOmeZafXrXWgas`|^|tsa}fcuS}P^qOPmh
]}RV[Zb]Tjjfk]beelU_uWpYWmhbQ\qTwY]wosqfTc^fofOubN
_`fv}gxuRt`TajRc`zXYW|`[Wlb_mSuqVxbfevX_s`b`vRVbUY
pe[VNzkO]pcWd]cPoP_}OTc|`hgd{mT\moflXXrhXqYjYjmOg|
deU][rRsmyj]tYioogU\U]|ixSjo^mpQ\TsOSZakpXyj^zj|ON
O[XoqhjqVkbtyNU_ubZcVgZQkzgj`]YgjmQZqqheu^gZZc]bV |
Q\rmZezjOv`qra}ssNfaiSNUodzmbVUihxdxSc}}UatXf]VbTY
zi[VT}eokztgng^dSnw\`meoN}`ezayZ]p]fOWYbWY`xWx[ZVi
qVmbwYVwyqQvywYpw}WiSduaOrftXrTOv{ZtRVdPXzS[]ZuORr
T\Z^m|ilUc]RgiaSq{On`^VwXv|jyvvNNhvvhPU^jlqdVOhti^
UyrZzQxoopm]zw}UPW\Vk`ox}oyhsXYv]prl}N|P^cY{gWz{pV
bUt{k_xlXn{fk{OZXlWhjp`{Ujuf{a]}rWxwfi{akwxwfUbOma
OWkv^`yPkZY``ceRozXN}yzlaRblNhgTmaX[Ok}Vq]]papQpo^
iUXi}eOOWW|\P}ZPwg|siTpWmig}PWsjqxa{}zyf}Ods^dnlRa
\QUa`NssZqxOQgx]Rf`Rhp\m}fkap{`cx{jgx\VuctSrq[f]Sb
oWTd\vp|]\YwhSxkN\aYmyjowW]PcPkhSOT{VeU]n|qhdZSY[i
b{Rufy^UjNxmsorsP[pqSruZ_T{`q{Wftl\rPzOUSkk]bof{bn
Sqrrj^[Uu][[\Z^ccW_jr_mqvYaqVNo\X^{Ue`Nrjiyq`oyyoN
\RO{cxogh|yfr[u`vSnxpdR{ssm[]ux}NYN`[fpO^xYYpeToju
]mxqe|Okzwqof]NxwgmUOk|^mpdRlbprjx_t[txpo[^_QVdfRh
RmVrYd}SThTcOS]q|r\{d{tOkNRPw{WkRT|[NuQixQVxPoNPXu
ay[sQkQsoSpo^Xddh_rfQ\ydYz[Ne]kdpuVpnfgvaVvkPgQtdv
^aUbOzuqgXko\wRy]ZSiv`qRrVSOpmWgi]eTQzRd|VfpSwp{Wj
x\fhuP[hqijfyl|rYjXlXmcOPfzk`T]gUgNfwuZz`mggb{oiYl
{h_Rt[ojf[\{WjSbfS}\wSjS^x[}yinQcWO|gS]cRP[Z|iXTgv
ali[eSgRjjS{NSX`PcRnp[cqtgTn}VyWZ\xk[Tk\hjTeshql{o
pdrXTfq[Xa[pc_Pe^ZsPrO]TuqsYvavWW}jskWY^pXXzNeZO``
t]cQbr}Wh^`YZeorPd`]thS}^\rQRrifXTgl}jU}x^w|`OQk|S
}oZQzht]V[oU_rf|VxXeu]}sRPn^u^UXwfSP\oqgr\yQj_voV[
y[TNnSZOnybUVzXiw^b|_p_{YOcr`SROZs[YSwwqvjaWtbxPns
cfUquQeebelQp\aWaUcw`\PWi\Xyoc`gXfkb{dV[noSqyxhmoZ
xjmjSzSmZTTkVbisijjot{Oh[kTmVn\ayZwRWywQr^OOV{]uWS
jWh[oY}gZRcbapNmf}d\\qinYgi|mdmSRfhUsYRlRpWaeQPlQb
Rmzce[z|h{PYsSZSNOfp`cu^zbq|UOaiir{aOnyejQo[qkkv`r
Nw`tjtdO}xfN}zqUTSPoOZfuqcPr}hxuSU[gjZ]n`]{`^^rlP_
ovSTfa_wvbwP|r^RXtmymXSs]ollTPdOsz^Zp{`a|arffoggnb
jX\d}SRQNmOXk{VdWdn|]y{hURmUu{wZzOslgdd_\Wln{yo]W{
W\NUj_y}i|qfzdTWxVxnYQOeax|cVkvfcSj_Pme^blbqOXaWuk
yZkno\X_wpRv{}ZyZow\bNp|qSN^XW`cr_qpsvg[Ti]XNXTuek
frhd[vVtOnRpcvzer}TyxdZUnwyPY`d}dh^x[pxlz_wid|Ydx^
z`QRR|^mQlQRO\kfmrhcOtgjNz}lyeZ[lPlldfS`QUec}qrt|{
Zgtc^Wolupo_p[bs`kv\fyOq{{vcazTjzSoRgNtfTnV[bhUquW
cuoOsz\qSZ`_\wnQgg{vbPQNtPXh]PrXqiV|vhqn|NW\}[ogU|
piTcfzqfzTqzaViqdfpQpkhhnY^]v^`yO]pUZYVe`djvYhrToV
xOs]Po^nYvy^qta[NaeRkVS`O]cWtzQTWZ`Ok[}sclb^`gl[w|
`^WpY_Yeu{y\PhdXqXrUd_vyhhtzzts`quSl[[`hX|gQfyhS}o
}d|{jtbrVSbpydqofPbj[nTRvqZQjr{]Sq[_Vfze}\kub`XcYf
TurnqU_utvSneZ\R[Ssfgib|ole]_{SfkT^PX|iTkQk^bNbabo
i|qv|lU][Rl}]fn^w\oPnvizijz`jUjZ_``StcUP{wYbnPT]T[
Picsehf[uzOWz^m[|jaig\Ne|rP[gwndq_btWeYg{bvnYQ\T]Q
fs[{sOTX`^e}_ | Ys`wgkxdQzrqldd{Q]cqS | yib`va_hdhqnp |
^wsVy_a\YglboRkWi}f`qrpeX\gl}]jkR]jXpdsSYy]fo{O{dP
cOqmpe{vcORVoy|qwfbwz_y\_htfpuXfkNP{v_rctSQdVbTzcx
xakXQfxaWYg`^euUfd]ZUlQRQ^WOSavwXZ`gz`SxN][a_wj]k_
kOlyscZNYg_^gZljaszrfucjUbQrrmweieoRQodzeRri_izyVT
zSZqlw|jN_d^bNNdgnt|w[Rirje}l_VcR}VcsNZa|UhwTrbtZW
Tt\YycyibmYcyw{fcsoutOu^X`vyonrSXOi\qxNmnqxNhykWxy
gUtmPPyQ^kziekhTgkSQyOPqSh{o|xN^ufRcutfSeonmmg][Oo
gTqWpvaYYsdq|zp`ew|rTmdNqc`^O\Watl`]wgjX{l}i[S`zfS
lRnwQ`{bXjUpYwrN]i}]vOxSnysSmn}n_[jzV}UblaXnki{dPr
io}dYo_y{q_rqa}v`mi}WkT|pnWqduqateWPehga\eooZR|liX
dwXfwcdYdehZh^uW]kewPimhs}QlUbmTNdqZOm|UYN]ynqUNe|
qbqiwQtSNTpSsWo|ipsda]`d[lYRlahmPtbxQizkXtUvtloWyO
[N{VPo[[RhaXOt[r\_tv^khS}RwXumY_`TQzQgu|R}|lPZyfUf
wbflvYn`eekupxXn|pks`jOgvtUwsWveculviOrXvZiyfS\Tsa
v]UjcOwXTsP]wt`egqy\ObaPUoUgdm_sZk{ed|WQwUiaaZel^T
_xOVN}hpr|YSha_f{tlh\VuwUzjPkq{hs|ykVkzsg{q\u`nu|O
byqoU_mP{Nymeu\_t{qbsblkvQ^ZmbW|}x|eavil]|xWdscij|
vy|Syt^Z|vucduwmuoPdpUWbPWPZORbWNh{Puosngl_qzqgPuu
j`[sPXxvabicdcPwj_hSlgfUadaiUyd_wtaoRehjorxcXzu__X
[h`{rXUTctY_yf_V[pTbynrSekfRUWtUfwicS]biUz{[]aZ_a^
nwcgbmXbVtwWP|pWNwPmOzRsSvWiQWjRX\]_WXXppXTgzWr`Wn
a_V`pXjUpTZuNRZh`]yln]|fcP||sz\rO[nsWpvs`|nSVi\USi
Qpqbcf]YmdlnUYRY_[PspgnyVwz\fY_lemjVk_Y[eVeSzlaba`
szahcaXzQepm|}O{PQnjP]l\ursce}\iW|_of^ndd{rYadeRl\
RoiWj|tQyfUsX_ubtt_xN}ZvTTgjQZVnqfmQg_[[r\z{}zdrvo
XuR\lOOXUfyjUoqgTt{mRewo\msr]f_WWOQ[rmY[d`W{Qhlieg
_NpYqeRQSogeVfd]Rpsh|v[QRVTpYeYcYi^nvwd`cx[xbRhX_T
gY^acorpcOpSw^RxdlP}[QlwqV}d[g__hwydSuodyNx{xRcqyk
Vno|grpw^StrZXkzcfThQY\skeSWRmetOTgjZratmi[rXykkV`
^rPfTipyacytq_uU\b_O[cr}Z}qx^aYzxZdTZuO^zPnmUr_jf\
\PWoUfv}]nltT|kyUkfaP}Uv[rxWU[la{_lmn]Zzus^mON^Uks
_t\^j[WiseoOfXsbSwVZ\kO^[rbxzxotmvYYsiz[mUup]i|RSd
StdxtY}neQfzWUj``ueg|PoNOdY\^Wu|^e[i}zyvPR{Q\o{yZ\
[NePPXetajQxQhPcYWpjjt[S`gWz[Y}t{U}RYk_hnz}onO_wUY
wau_n\NTNNpySV]d|Ob`ehgeZbuiUyXWhgu_Ru}^kSr`RZzSZp
rnP[URpj]oxQizmcpm]edoupjvTWZkozr}v{`YW__xrfQi}OnP
hUlOdO`TOWtcshYfa^_rWYbliRW|oQhPlm\d_f{q}PPcnaPPg}
zfYO_Tg{T[]rvv_u]h`^Tue[htYl^cbPZ|Sz^WSzP_nYOY{uwr
nNRYOpr]jb|hxNW|nSVmeWROzp\awea[qpNdSgVw[{rvsaXos_
P^eycTy}TWz\SjqzpnigmxbowejOv\Yysc[zzecZ`bncfWVe_O
Yz^zyvtNuQi[gXxsoPPz`}WjZbrzXyS`kVRTWWpX[OxugSvgit
l[inRgVQ^l`^uhwTaoc{T[f`kapsfuQ^gQTWYbzwSTt\mPe\Rr
gjwom^kwzpog`fXczoSbnnXj}zrnneNujlb}h_p_\Rze\cxitm
ypjlfWTa}\hxlQtY\l`|Qb`a_VnnOlhZrSVjUb_YUrlne\miNu
[}WW]dur_OTcp^WSjp\ShzcvSmqa]sPnbjyg{euqUnpfRqOx_u
dSe\orSNWU\`Ya]z`yszv\zcznXjs[ksdy`fp^vhoRbXbveWtU
k[ayuV{rYrzswPt]PROpSer_XSrsPg\slrmsm^jzlRNx\uNx}V
Sbr[XdthrRXs`\NfSO|t`O[PTSQjxa^{ukjShZ_QikccyWzn[W
YpUgmdf{}gzP}h|deukxrTpT[NOlfS\r|z`]Zh|XzS]]QgqTZY
yvcZ_gW^YT\]_y]jZVzb}sOwiarNksavi}l{}|Ny`vRd{sdwZl
ekbcS{ucYgsYbesTT^bYjh|jroiXiZiVt\S`pwYl\xqOuOpsr]
xhbSTYshp`d[n}]jgRmcoRtY||rZXcPNTpnq`j|uiT}brgy`Vb
bgmpyd}yRnbkejqzflYugOl{}W}nPTYggZk[To{|kugsyiU|Rz
Wr{n`^zaVz[PXjtUr]{T_PvunSdrhqZdazpi}c}ZUQPzjbQpY}
hi`ZlgpdN_SNVRpTnzlt_xsmi[hWwcYSavgTScTmOV^}_|[Y]W
uyvThV\ziq\VZx`u{uUQsW_p`ukykpuYoX\U[bSqfiy`Sc{mvu
iYeifeRNSshq_XckhUukUVWvWz]l\um\fbakl][qp`YtQ|iYaj
^XZbcP|lO[ZfzsvfPuZ`dehyVrtlx{Q]mRYmr`b^ry}huR`[Y`
fUdrUVXRabhh_fj`|O^moh^mmsUolzeSyedQn^g|^TRXSmNZjp
l_]RZPrNcdbZ{v\h\YZ{jye[^dujqx[ww_sSNytswxzudRefsb
SsjP\NsrmTZcgmetxTs`kXhtlQxNNgaUPOoY]gj}sURRWjnvfm
q}_Vn^Pw^rnrPxYgPmnlzjosPnQV{mdv_YhtRqNoOw}peVVRUc
YglcYvmnnYdRjfVkOl|rnarTRy{dOZwsenxOZhQZvzP|`W][zT
c[xePQgehl|eNvZYUVhPSZRcgdno}bbf`cUrPfc|TUelab`b{q
ukWXjSQ}WnW`x[R[a[\^UXWRwYRoPsgOPcXRhY{SWWsjS{Qtz |
XZPZ\{{N][ojupgY`UvttziVQlzNhgve`iqQwhyhvWxiXunXmw
nXZwWnclwsk|[Z[ojSQWb_k}Reem{t`tqZSifUeZXXlyzppWQw
t^PYvufUtPuWqWgchX\dqOwvbuj`XVowVwyO\XzS\wfwiUwkam
sc]r{evxebZVly_jwYW]geUiU]OxkzuoQzQ{|]OzR^_Nqvx}`^
_\Vth^ZqmwjhmvppvRbuvdY\^vtVXZNX{NmXmNmZx[||p{W^tP
Ugr]bT`w_QYhh]TjfY{rVRj[yogUNlbl}Y\^e}}Xio``vfrXxO
[Q}Ok_zyYl|bhord|nZp\qiWgy_{{QzqddzjsoUrOXkxPP]Piu
Yuejicf{}sZlvXorekytsbQrrvoWTtlk[Tq\PyuOwhUas|dsvY
eU|`fqiS`\pZlYvdx_fqz{upuYiuz_VNPziewnYxYhzxrVc_R